銅壁畫又叫銅浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(又叫鏨(zan)銅或(huo)(huo)敲(qiao)銅),是(shi)利用銅材料的(de)(de)延展性興(xing)起來得鏨(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi),是(shi)我(wo)國傳統手工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)百花中(zhong)的(de)(de)一枝奇葩(pa)。之中(zhong)技術(shu)據今已有(you)幾(ji)千(qian)(qian)年的(de)(de)歷史。 鍛銅工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)造(zao)型(xing),主要(yao)為平面的(de)(de)片活,片活是(shi)平裝在(zai)某(mou)些器(qi)物上或(huo)(huo)懸(xuan)掛起來供人欣(xin)賞。鏨(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)操作,是(shi)在(zai)設計(ji)好器(qi)行(xing)或(huo)(huo)圖案后,按照一定的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程,以特制的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具和特定的(de)(de)技法,在(zai)金屬(shu)板上加工(gong)(gong)出千(qian)(qian)變(bian)萬化(hua)的(de)(de)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)狀(zhuang)圖案。完成一件精(jing)美(mei)的(de)(de)鏨(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品(pin)(pin)需(xu)要(yao)十多道工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程,加上技術(shu)工(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)格調(diao)創(chuang)造(zao),匠心獨運地打(da)造(zao)出個性化(hua),現代化(hua)的(de)(de)雕(diao)塑(su)作品(pin)(pin)。
鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)一種區別于鑄銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi),是(shi)在(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板上進行(xing)創作,利用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板加熱后質地變軟,錘打(da)后又恢復堅硬的特性,重復這一過程,最終制作出藝(yi)術(shu)作品或其(qi)它生(sheng)(sheng)活、工(gong)(gong)業用品。隨(sui)著人民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活水(shui)平和(he)審美情趣的提升,鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)這一傳統工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)尤其(qi)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)美術(shu)領(ling)域受到(dao)越(yue)來越(yue)多設計師和(he)大眾的喜(xi)愛。
火、錘子和鏨子是(shi)鍛銅的(de)三(san)個重(zhong)要元素。小型(xing)鍛銅工藝作(zuo)品或大型(xing)浮雕(diao)局部加(jia)(jia)工可以采(cai)取氧氣加(jia)(jia)乙(yi)炔產生的(de)高溫加(jia)(jia)熱(re),大型(xing)作(zuo)品就需要生爐火鼓風加(jia)(jia)熱(re)。加(jia)(jia)熱(re)這一環(huan)節(jie)相(xiang)對容易。加(jia)(jia)熱(re)后(hou)的(de)銅板要用皮錘敲打平整。