銅壁畫又叫銅(tong)浮雕(又叫鏨銅(tong)或(huo)(huo)敲(qiao)銅(tong)),是利用銅(tong)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)延展性興(xing)起來得鏨刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),是我國傳(chuan)統(tong)手工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百花中的(de)(de)(de)一枝(zhi)奇葩(pa)。之中技術(shu)據今已有幾千(qian)年的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史。 鍛銅(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)品的(de)(de)(de)造型,主要(yao)為平面的(de)(de)(de)片活,片活是平裝(zhuang)在某些器物上或(huo)(huo)懸掛起來供人欣賞。鏨刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo),是在設(she)計好器行或(huo)(huo)圖案后,按照一定的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)流(liu)程,以特制的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)和特定的(de)(de)(de)技法(fa),在金屬(shu)板上加工(gong)(gong)(gong)出(chu)千(qian)變(bian)萬化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)浮雕狀圖案。完成一件精美的(de)(de)(de)鏨刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)品需要(yao)十多(duo)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)流(liu)程,加上技術(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)(de)格調創造,匠心獨運地打造出(chu)個性化(hua),現代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)雕塑作(zuo)品。
鍛銅(tong)(tong)是一種區別于鑄銅(tong)(tong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi),是在(zai)(zai)銅(tong)(tong)板上進行創作,利用(yong)(yong)銅(tong)(tong)板加熱后質地變軟,錘打后又(you)恢復堅硬的(de)特(te)性,重復這一過程,最終制作出藝(yi)(yi)術作品或其它生活(huo)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)品。隨(sui)著(zhu)人民生活(huo)水平和審美情趣的(de)提升,鍛銅(tong)(tong)這一傳統工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)尤其在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)美術領(ling)域受(shou)到越來(lai)越多設計師和大(da)眾的(de)喜愛。
火、錘子(zi)和(he)鏨子(zi)是鍛銅(tong)的(de)三個重要元素。小型(xing)鍛銅(tong)工(gong)(gong)藝作(zuo)品或大(da)型(xing)浮雕(diao)局部加(jia)工(gong)(gong)可以采取氧(yang)氣(qi)加(jia)乙炔產生(sheng)的(de)高溫(wen)加(jia)熱(re)(re),大(da)型(xing)作(zuo)品就需要生(sheng)爐火鼓(gu)風加(jia)熱(re)(re)。加(jia)熱(re)(re)這(zhe)一(yi)環節相對容易。加(jia)熱(re)(re)后的(de)銅(tong)板要用皮(pi)錘敲打平整。