銅壁畫又(you)叫銅浮雕(diao)(又(you)叫鏨(zan)銅或(huo)敲銅),是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)銅材料(liao)的(de)(de)延展性(xing)(xing)興起來得鏨(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝,是(shi)(shi)我國傳統手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝百(bai)花中的(de)(de)一(yi)枝奇葩(pa)。之中技(ji)術據今已有(you)幾千(qian)年的(de)(de)歷史。 鍛銅工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝品(pin)的(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)型(xing),主要為平面的(de)(de)片活(huo),片活(huo)是(shi)(shi)平裝在(zai)某些(xie)器(qi)物上或(huo)懸掛(gua)起來供人欣賞(shang)。鏨(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)操作,是(shi)(shi)在(zai)設計(ji)好器(qi)行或(huo)圖案(an)后(hou),按照一(yi)定的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)程(cheng),以特(te)制(zhi)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具和特(te)定的(de)(de)技(ji)法,在(zai)金(jin)屬板(ban)上加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出千(qian)變萬化(hua)的(de)(de)浮雕(diao)狀圖案(an)。完成一(yi)件精美的(de)(de)鏨(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝品(pin)需要十多(duo)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)程(cheng),加(jia)上技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)格調創造(zao)(zao),匠心獨(du)運(yun)地打造(zao)(zao)出個性(xing)(xing)化(hua),現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)雕(diao)塑作品(pin)。
鍛銅(tong)是一種區別于鑄銅(tong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝,是在(zai)銅(tong)板上進(jin)行創作(zuo),利用(yong)銅(tong)板加(jia)熱(re)后質地變軟,錘打后又恢復堅硬的(de)(de)(de)特性,重復這一過程,最終制(zhi)作(zuo)出藝術作(zuo)品或其它生活(huo)、工(gong)(gong)業用(yong)品。隨(sui)著人民生活(huo)水平和(he)審美情(qing)趣的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升,鍛銅(tong)這一傳統(tong)工(gong)(gong)藝尤其在(zai)工(gong)(gong)藝美術領域受到越來越多設計師和(he)大(da)眾的(de)(de)(de)喜愛(ai)。
火(huo)、錘子和(he)鏨(zan)子是鍛(duan)銅的(de)三個(ge)重要元素。小型鍛(duan)銅工(gong)藝(yi)作品(pin)或大(da)型浮雕局(ju)部(bu)加(jia)工(gong)可以采取氧氣(qi)加(jia)乙炔產生(sheng)的(de)高溫(wen)加(jia)熱(re),大(da)型作品(pin)就需要生(sheng)爐火(huo)鼓風加(jia)熱(re)。加(jia)熱(re)這一環節相對(dui)容易。加(jia)熱(re)后的(de)銅板要用皮錘敲(qiao)打平整。