銅壁畫又(you)叫(jiao)銅(tong)浮(fu)雕(又(you)叫(jiao)鏨銅(tong)或敲(qiao)銅(tong)),是(shi)利(li)用(yong)銅(tong)材料(liao)的(de)延展性(xing)興起來得鏨刻(ke)(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝,是(shi)我國(guo)傳統手工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝百花中的(de)一(yi)枝奇(qi)葩。之中技術據今(jin)已有幾千年的(de)歷史。 鍛(duan)銅(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝品的(de)造(zao)型,主要為平面的(de)片活,片活是(shi)平裝(zhuang)在(zai)某些器物上或懸掛起來供人欣(xin)賞。鏨刻(ke)(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)操作(zuo),是(shi)在(zai)設計好器行或圖案后,按(an)照一(yi)定的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng),以特制的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具和特定的(de)技法,在(zai)金屬(shu)板上加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)出千變(bian)萬(wan)化的(de)浮(fu)雕狀圖案。完成一(yi)件(jian)精美的(de)鏨刻(ke)(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝品需要十多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng),加(jia)上技術工(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)格調創造(zao),匠心(xin)獨運地打造(zao)出個性(xing)化,現(xian)代化的(de)雕塑作(zuo)品。
鍛銅(tong)是一(yi)(yi)種區別于鑄銅(tong)的工藝,是在銅(tong)板上進行創作(zuo),利用(yong)(yong)銅(tong)板加熱后質地(di)變(bian)軟(ruan),錘打后又(you)恢(hui)復堅硬的特性,重復這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)過程,最終(zhong)制(zhi)作(zuo)出藝術作(zuo)品或(huo)其它(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)活、工業用(yong)(yong)品。隨著人民生(sheng)(sheng)活水平和審美情趣的提升,鍛銅(tong)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)傳統工藝尤其在工藝美術領域受(shou)到越來越多設計(ji)師和大(da)眾(zhong)的喜愛。
火(huo)、錘子和(he)鏨(zan)子是鍛銅的三個重要(yao)元素。小型鍛銅工藝作品(pin)或大型浮雕局部加工可以采取氧氣加乙炔產生的高溫(wen)加熱,大型作品(pin)就需要(yao)生爐火(huo)鼓風加熱。加熱這一環節相對容易(yi)。加熱后的銅板要(yao)用皮錘敲打平整。