銅壁畫又(you)叫銅(tong)(tong)浮雕(又(you)叫鏨(zan)銅(tong)(tong)或敲(qiao)銅(tong)(tong)),是(shi)利用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)材料的(de)延展性(xing)興起(qi)來(lai)得鏨(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)藝,是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)傳統手(shou)工(gong)(gong)藝百花中的(de)一枝奇葩(pa)。之(zhi)中技(ji)術據今(jin)已有幾千(qian)年的(de)歷史(shi)。 鍛銅(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)藝品的(de)造(zao)型,主要為平面的(de)片活(huo),片活(huo)是(shi)平裝(zhuang)在(zai)某些(xie)器(qi)物上或懸掛起(qi)來(lai)供人欣賞。鏨(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)藝的(de)操作,是(shi)在(zai)設計好器(qi)行或圖案后,按照一定的(de)工(gong)(gong)藝流程,以特(te)制的(de)工(gong)(gong)具和(he)特(te)定的(de)技(ji)法,在(zai)金屬板上加工(gong)(gong)出(chu)千(qian)變萬化的(de)浮雕狀(zhuang)圖案。完成(cheng)一件精美(mei)的(de)鏨(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)藝品需要十多(duo)道工(gong)(gong)藝流程,加上技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)人的(de)格調(diao)創造(zao),匠心獨運地打造(zao)出(chu)個性(xing)化,現代化的(de)雕塑作品。
鍛銅(tong)是一(yi)種區(qu)別于鑄銅(tong)的(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi),是在銅(tong)板(ban)上進行創作,利(li)用銅(tong)板(ban)加熱后質地變軟,錘打后又恢復堅硬的(de)(de)特性,重復這一(yi)過程,最終制(zhi)作出(chu)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)作品或其(qi)它生活、工(gong)業用品。隨著人民生活水平和審(shen)美情趣的(de)(de)提升,鍛銅(tong)這一(yi)傳統工(gong)藝(yi)尤其(qi)在工(gong)藝(yi)美術(shu)(shu)領域受到(dao)越(yue)來越(yue)多設計師和大眾的(de)(de)喜(xi)愛。
火、錘子(zi)和鏨子(zi)是鍛銅(tong)(tong)的三個重(zhong)要(yao)元素。小(xiao)型鍛銅(tong)(tong)工藝作品或大型浮(fu)雕(diao)局部加(jia)工可(ke)以采取氧氣加(jia)乙炔(gui)產生的高溫加(jia)熱,大型作品就需要(yao)生爐火鼓風(feng)加(jia)熱。加(jia)熱這(zhe)一環節相對(dui)容易。加(jia)熱后的銅(tong)(tong)板要(yao)用皮錘敲(qiao)打(da)平整。