銅壁畫又(you)叫銅(tong)浮(fu)雕(又(you)叫鏨(zan)(zan)銅(tong)或(huo)敲銅(tong)),是(shi)(shi)利用銅(tong)材料的(de)(de)延展性(xing)興起(qi)(qi)來得鏨(zan)(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi),是(shi)(shi)我國傳(chuan)統手工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)百花中的(de)(de)一(yi)枝奇葩(pa)。之(zhi)中技術(shu)據今已有(you)幾千年的(de)(de)歷史(shi)。 鍛銅(tong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)品(pin)的(de)(de)造型(xing),主(zhu)要為平面的(de)(de)片(pian)活,片(pian)活是(shi)(shi)平裝在(zai)某些器(qi)物上或(huo)懸掛(gua)起(qi)(qi)來供人欣賞。鏨(zan)(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)操作(zuo),是(shi)(shi)在(zai)設計好器(qi)行或(huo)圖(tu)(tu)案(an)(an)后,按照一(yi)定的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)流(liu)程,以特制的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具和(he)特定的(de)(de)技法,在(zai)金屬板上加(jia)工(gong)(gong)出千變萬化(hua)的(de)(de)浮(fu)雕狀圖(tu)(tu)案(an)(an)。完(wan)成一(yi)件(jian)精美的(de)(de)鏨(zan)(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)品(pin)需要十(shi)多(duo)道工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)流(liu)程,加(jia)上技術(shu)工(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)格調創(chuang)造,匠心獨運(yun)地打(da)造出個性(xing)化(hua),現代化(hua)的(de)(de)雕塑作(zuo)品(pin)。
鍛(duan)銅(tong)(tong)是一種區(qu)別于(yu)鑄(zhu)銅(tong)(tong)的工藝,是在銅(tong)(tong)板上(shang)進行創作(zuo),利用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)板加熱后(hou)質地變軟,錘打后(hou)又恢復堅硬的特性,重復這一過程,最終制作(zuo)出藝術作(zuo)品(pin)或其它生活、工業用(yong)品(pin)。隨(sui)著人民(min)生活水平(ping)和審(shen)美情(qing)趣的提升,鍛(duan)銅(tong)(tong)這一傳統(tong)工藝尤(you)其在工藝美術領域受到越(yue)來越(yue)多設計師和大眾的喜愛。
火、錘(chui)子和鏨(zan)子是鍛銅(tong)(tong)的(de)三個重要元(yuan)素。小(xiao)型鍛銅(tong)(tong)工(gong)藝作品或大型浮雕局部加工(gong)可以(yi)采取氧氣(qi)加乙炔產(chan)生的(de)高溫加熱(re)(re),大型作品就需(xu)要生爐火鼓風(feng)加熱(re)(re)。加熱(re)(re)這一環節相(xiang)對容易。加熱(re)(re)后的(de)銅(tong)(tong)板(ban)要用(yong)皮錘(chui)敲(qiao)打平整。