銅壁畫又叫(jiao)銅(tong)(tong)浮雕(又叫(jiao)鏨(zan)(zan)銅(tong)(tong)或敲銅(tong)(tong)),是利(li)用銅(tong)(tong)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)延(yan)展性(xing)興起來得鏨(zan)(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi),是我國(guo)傳(chuan)統手工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)百花中的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)枝奇(qi)葩。之中技(ji)(ji)術據今已有幾千(qian)年的(de)(de)(de)歷史。 鍛銅(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)品的(de)(de)(de)造型,主要為平面的(de)(de)(de)片活,片活是平裝在(zai)某(mou)些(xie)器物(wu)上(shang)或懸掛起來供(gong)人(ren)欣賞(shang)。鏨(zan)(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo),是在(zai)設計好器行或圖案后,按照一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)流程(cheng),以特制的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具和特定的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)法(fa),在(zai)金屬板上(shang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)出千(qian)變(bian)萬化的(de)(de)(de)浮雕狀圖案。完(wan)成一(yi)(yi)件精美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)鏨(zan)(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)品需要十多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)流程(cheng),加上(shang)技(ji)(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)格(ge)調(diao)創造,匠(jiang)心獨運地打(da)造出個性(xing)化,現(xian)代化的(de)(de)(de)雕塑作(zuo)品。
鍛(duan)銅(tong)是一種區別于鑄銅(tong)的工藝(yi)(yi)(yi),是在(zai)銅(tong)板上進(jin)行創作(zuo),利用(yong)銅(tong)板加熱(re)后質地變(bian)軟,錘(chui)打后又恢復(fu)堅硬的特性,重復(fu)這一過程,最終制作(zuo)出藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術作(zuo)品或其(qi)它生(sheng)活、工業用(yong)品。隨(sui)著人(ren)民(min)生(sheng)活水平和審美情趣(qu)的提升(sheng),鍛(duan)銅(tong)這一傳(chuan)統工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)尤(you)其(qi)在(zai)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)美術領域受(shou)到越來(lai)越多設計(ji)師和大眾的喜愛。
火、錘子和鏨子是(shi)鍛銅(tong)的(de)(de)三個重要(yao)元素。小(xiao)型(xing)鍛銅(tong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)作品或大型(xing)浮雕局部(bu)加工(gong)(gong)可以采取氧氣加乙炔產生(sheng)的(de)(de)高溫加熱,大型(xing)作品就需要(yao)生(sheng)爐(lu)火鼓風加熱。加熱這一環節(jie)相對(dui)容(rong)易。加熱后的(de)(de)銅(tong)板要(yao)用(yong)皮錘敲打平(ping)整。