銅壁畫又(you)叫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)浮(fu)雕(又(you)叫鏨(zan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)敲銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)),是(shi)利用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)材料的(de)延展性興起來得鏨(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi),是(shi)我國傳統(tong)手工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)百花中(zhong)的(de)一枝(zhi)奇葩。之中(zhong)技術據今已有(you)幾千年(nian)的(de)歷史(shi)。 鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品(pin)的(de)造型(xing),主要為平面(mian)的(de)片(pian)活,片(pian)活是(shi)平裝在某(mou)些器物上或(huo)懸掛起來供人欣賞。鏨(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)操作,是(shi)在設計好器行或(huo)圖案(an)后,按(an)照一定(ding)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng),以特制(zhi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具和特定(ding)的(de)技法,在金(jin)屬板上加工(gong)(gong)(gong)出千變萬(wan)化的(de)浮(fu)雕狀圖案(an)。完成一件精美的(de)鏨(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品(pin)需要十多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng),加上技術工(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)格調創造,匠心獨運地打(da)造出個性化,現代化的(de)雕塑(su)作品(pin)。
鍛銅(tong)是一種區別于鑄銅(tong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi),是在(zai)銅(tong)板上進行創作(zuo)(zuo),利用銅(tong)板加熱后(hou)(hou)質地變軟,錘打后(hou)(hou)又恢(hui)復堅(jian)硬的(de)特性,重復這一過(guo)程(cheng),最終制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)作(zuo)(zuo)品或(huo)其它生活、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)用品。隨著人民生活水(shui)平和(he)審美情趣的(de)提升(sheng),鍛銅(tong)這一傳統工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)尤其在(zai)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)美術(shu)領域(yu)受到(dao)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)設計師和(he)大(da)眾的(de)喜愛。
火、錘子(zi)和鏨(zan)子(zi)是(shi)鍛銅的三個重要(yao)元素(su)。小型(xing)鍛銅工(gong)藝作品或大(da)型(xing)浮(fu)雕局部(bu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)可以采取氧氣加(jia)(jia)乙(yi)炔(gui)產生的高溫加(jia)(jia)熱,大(da)型(xing)作品就(jiu)需要(yao)生爐火鼓風加(jia)(jia)熱。加(jia)(jia)熱這一環節相對容易。加(jia)(jia)熱后的銅板(ban)要(yao)用皮(pi)錘敲打平整。