銅壁畫又叫銅浮(fu)雕(又叫鏨(zan)(zan)(zan)銅或(huo)敲銅),是利用銅材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延展性興起來(lai)得鏨(zan)(zan)(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi),是我國傳統手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)百花中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一枝(zhi)奇葩。之中(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)據今已有幾千年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史。 鍛銅工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造型,主(zhu)要為平面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)片活,片活是平裝在(zai)某些器物(wu)上或(huo)懸(xuan)掛起來(lai)供(gong)人欣(xin)賞。鏨(zan)(zan)(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作,是在(zai)設計(ji)好(hao)器行或(huo)圖(tu)案后,按照一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程,以特(te)(te)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)和(he)特(te)(te)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)法,在(zai)金屬板上加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出千變萬化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浮(fu)雕狀(zhuang)圖(tu)案。完成一件精美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鏨(zan)(zan)(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品(pin)(pin)需要十多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程,加(jia)上技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格調創造,匠心(xin)獨(du)運地打(da)造出個(ge)性化(hua),現代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雕塑(su)作品(pin)(pin)。
鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)一種區別于鑄銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)工藝(yi),是(shi)在(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板上進(jin)行創作(zuo),利(li)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板加熱后(hou)(hou)質(zhi)地變軟,錘打(da)后(hou)(hou)又(you)恢(hui)復堅(jian)硬的(de)特性,重復這(zhe)一過程,最終制作(zuo)出藝(yi)術(shu)作(zuo)品或其(qi)它(ta)生活、工業用(yong)品。隨著人民生活水平和審美情(qing)趣的(de)提升(sheng),鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)這(zhe)一傳統(tong)工藝(yi)尤其(qi)在(zai)工藝(yi)美術(shu)領域(yu)受到越(yue)來越(yue)多設計師和大眾的(de)喜(xi)愛。
火、錘(chui)子和鏨子是鍛銅(tong)(tong)的(de)三個重要元(yuan)素。小(xiao)型鍛銅(tong)(tong)工(gong)藝(yi)作(zuo)品或大(da)型浮(fu)雕局部加(jia)(jia)工(gong)可以采取氧氣加(jia)(jia)乙(yi)炔產生的(de)高(gao)溫加(jia)(jia)熱,大(da)型作(zuo)品就需要生爐火鼓風加(jia)(jia)熱。加(jia)(jia)熱這一環節相對容易(yi)。加(jia)(jia)熱后的(de)銅(tong)(tong)板要用皮錘(chui)敲打(da)平整。