銅壁畫又叫銅(tong)浮(fu)雕(又叫鏨(zan)銅(tong)或敲(qiao)銅(tong)),是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)銅(tong)材料的(de)(de)延展性興起(qi)(qi)來(lai)得鏨(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi),是(shi)(shi)我國傳統手工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)百花中(zhong)的(de)(de)一枝奇葩(pa)。之中(zhong)技術據(ju)今已有幾千年的(de)(de)歷史。 鍛(duan)銅(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品的(de)(de)造型(xing),主要(yao)為平面的(de)(de)片(pian)活,片(pian)活是(shi)(shi)平裝(zhuang)在某些器物(wu)上或懸掛起(qi)(qi)來(lai)供人欣賞。鏨(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)操作,是(shi)(shi)在設計好器行或圖案后,按照(zhao)一定(ding)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)程,以特制(zhi)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)和特定(ding)的(de)(de)技法,在金屬(shu)板上加工(gong)(gong)(gong)出(chu)千變萬(wan)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)浮(fu)雕狀圖案。完成(cheng)一件精美(mei)的(de)(de)鏨(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品需(xu)要(yao)十多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)程,加上技術工(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)格調創(chuang)造,匠心獨(du)運地(di)打造出(chu)個性化(hua)(hua),現代化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)雕塑作品。
鍛銅(tong)是一(yi)種區別于(yu)鑄銅(tong)的(de)(de)工藝(yi),是在(zai)銅(tong)板(ban)上進行創(chuang)作,利用銅(tong)板(ban)加熱后質地變軟(ruan),錘打后又恢復(fu)堅硬(ying)的(de)(de)特(te)性,重復(fu)這一(yi)過程,最終制作出藝(yi)術作品或(huo)其(qi)它生活、工業用品。隨著人民生活水平(ping)和(he)審美情趣(qu)的(de)(de)提升,鍛銅(tong)這一(yi)傳(chuan)統工藝(yi)尤其(qi)在(zai)工藝(yi)美術領域受到越來越多設計師(shi)和(he)大眾的(de)(de)喜愛。
火(huo)、錘(chui)子(zi)和鏨子(zi)是鍛銅的三個重要元素。小型鍛銅工(gong)藝作(zuo)品或大型浮雕局(ju)部加(jia)(jia)工(gong)可以采取氧(yang)氣加(jia)(jia)乙炔產生的高(gao)溫加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re),大型作(zuo)品就需(xu)要生爐(lu)火(huo)鼓(gu)風加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)。加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)這一(yi)環節相對(dui)容易。加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)后的銅板要用(yong)皮錘(chui)敲打(da)平整。