銅壁畫又叫(jiao)銅(tong)浮(fu)雕(又叫(jiao)鏨(zan)銅(tong)或(huo)敲銅(tong)),是(shi)利(li)用銅(tong)材料(liao)的(de)(de)延展性興起來得鏨(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)藝,是(shi)我國傳(chuan)統手工(gong)(gong)藝百花(hua)中(zhong)的(de)(de)一枝奇葩(pa)。之中(zhong)技術(shu)據今已有(you)幾千年的(de)(de)歷(li)史。 鍛銅(tong)工(gong)(gong)藝品的(de)(de)造型,主要為平(ping)面的(de)(de)片活(huo),片活(huo)是(shi)平(ping)裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)某些器(qi)物上或(huo)懸掛起來供人欣(xin)賞。鏨(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)操作,是(shi)在(zai)(zai)設計好器(qi)行(xing)或(huo)圖(tu)案后(hou),按照一定(ding)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝流程,以特制(zhi)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)和特定(ding)的(de)(de)技法,在(zai)(zai)金屬(shu)板上加(jia)工(gong)(gong)出千變萬化的(de)(de)浮(fu)雕狀圖(tu)案。完成一件精(jing)美(mei)的(de)(de)鏨(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)藝品需要十多道工(gong)(gong)藝流程,加(jia)上技術(shu)工(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)格(ge)調創造,匠(jiang)心(xin)獨(du)運地打造出個(ge)性化,現(xian)代化的(de)(de)雕塑作品。
鍛銅(tong)(tong)是(shi)一(yi)種區別于鑄銅(tong)(tong)的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi),是(shi)在(zai)銅(tong)(tong)板(ban)上進行創作,利用銅(tong)(tong)板(ban)加熱(re)后(hou)質(zhi)地變軟(ruan),錘(chui)打(da)后(hou)又恢(hui)復堅硬的特性,重復這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)過程,最終制作出藝(yi)術作品或其它(ta)生(sheng)活、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)用品。隨(sui)著人民生(sheng)活水平和審美(mei)情(qing)趣的提升,鍛銅(tong)(tong)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)傳統工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)尤其在(zai)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)美(mei)術領(ling)域受到越來(lai)越多(duo)設計(ji)師和大眾的喜愛。
火(huo)、錘子和鏨子是鍛銅的(de)三個(ge)重要元(yuan)素。小型(xing)鍛銅工(gong)藝作品或大型(xing)浮雕(diao)局(ju)部加(jia)工(gong)可以采取氧(yang)氣加(jia)乙炔(gui)產生的(de)高溫(wen)加(jia)熱(re),大型(xing)作品就需要生爐火(huo)鼓風加(jia)熱(re)。加(jia)熱(re)這一環節(jie)相對容易。加(jia)熱(re)后的(de)銅板要用(yong)皮錘敲打平整。