銅壁畫又叫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)浮雕(diao)(又叫鏨銅(tong)(tong)(tong)或敲銅(tong)(tong)(tong)),是(shi)利用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)材料的延展性(xing)興起(qi)(qi)來得鏨刻工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),是(shi)我(wo)國傳統(tong)手工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百花中的一(yi)枝奇葩。之(zhi)中技術據今已有幾(ji)千年的歷史。 鍛銅(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)品(pin)的造型,主要為平面的片活,片活是(shi)平裝(zhuang)在(zai)某些器(qi)(qi)物上或懸掛起(qi)(qi)來供人(ren)欣賞。鏨刻工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的操(cao)作,是(shi)在(zai)設計好器(qi)(qi)行或圖案(an)后,按照一(yi)定(ding)的工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)流程,以特制(zhi)的工(gong)具(ju)和特定(ding)的技法,在(zai)金屬板上加工(gong)出千變萬化(hua)的浮雕(diao)狀圖案(an)。完成一(yi)件精美的鏨刻工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)品(pin)需要十(shi)多道工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)流程,加上技術工(gong)人(ren)的格調創造,匠心獨運地打(da)造出個(ge)性(xing)化(hua),現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的雕(diao)塑作品(pin)。
鍛(duan)銅(tong)(tong)是一(yi)種區別于鑄銅(tong)(tong)的(de)工(gong)藝,是在銅(tong)(tong)板(ban)上(shang)進(jin)行創作(zuo),利用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)板(ban)加(jia)熱(re)后質(zhi)地變軟,錘(chui)打(da)后又恢復堅硬的(de)特(te)性(xing),重(zhong)復這(zhe)一(yi)過(guo)程,最終制作(zuo)出藝術(shu)(shu)作(zuo)品或(huo)其它生(sheng)活、工(gong)業用(yong)品。隨著人民生(sheng)活水平和(he)審(shen)美(mei)情趣的(de)提升,鍛(duan)銅(tong)(tong)這(zhe)一(yi)傳統工(gong)藝尤其在工(gong)藝美(mei)術(shu)(shu)領域受(shou)到越來越多設計師和(he)大眾(zhong)的(de)喜愛(ai)。
火、錘子(zi)和(he)鏨子(zi)是鍛(duan)銅(tong)(tong)的三(san)個(ge)重要元素。小型鍛(duan)銅(tong)(tong)工藝作品或大型浮雕局部加工可以采取(qu)氧氣(qi)加乙(yi)炔產生的高溫加熱,大型作品就(jiu)需要生爐(lu)火鼓風加熱。加熱這一(yi)環(huan)節相對容易(yi)。加熱后的銅(tong)(tong)板要用皮錘敲打平(ping)整。