銅壁畫又(you)叫銅浮雕(diao)(又(you)叫鏨(zan)(zan)銅或(huo)敲銅),是(shi)(shi)利用銅材料的(de)(de)(de)延(yan)展性興起來得鏨(zan)(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝,是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國傳統手工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝百花中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一枝奇葩(pa)。之中(zhong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)據(ju)今(jin)已(yi)有幾千(qian)年的(de)(de)(de)歷史。 鍛銅工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)造型,主要(yao)為平面的(de)(de)(de)片活,片活是(shi)(shi)平裝在某些器(qi)物(wu)上(shang)或(huo)懸掛起來供人欣賞。鏨(zan)(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作,是(shi)(shi)在設計(ji)好(hao)器(qi)行(xing)或(huo)圖案(an)后,按照一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程,以特(te)制的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)和(he)特(te)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)法,在金屬板上(shang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)出千(qian)變萬化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)浮雕(diao)狀(zhuang)圖案(an)。完成(cheng)一件精美的(de)(de)(de)鏨(zan)(zan)刻工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝品(pin)需(xu)要(yao)十(shi)多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程,加上(shang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)(de)格調創造,匠心(xin)獨運地打造出個性化(hua),現代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)塑作品(pin)。
鍛(duan)銅(tong)是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)區別于鑄銅(tong)的工(gong)藝,是在(zai)銅(tong)板上進行創作(zuo),利用銅(tong)板加(jia)熱后質地變(bian)軟(ruan),錘打后又恢復(fu)(fu)堅硬的特性,重復(fu)(fu)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)過程,最終制作(zuo)出藝術(shu)作(zuo)品或其它生活、工(gong)業用品。隨(sui)著(zhu)人(ren)民(min)生活水平(ping)和審(shen)美(mei)情趣的提升,鍛(duan)銅(tong)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)傳統工(gong)藝尤其在(zai)工(gong)藝美(mei)術(shu)領(ling)域受到越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多設計師和大眾的喜愛。
火、錘子和鏨子是鍛銅的(de)三(san)個重要(yao)元素。小型(xing)鍛銅工(gong)藝作品或(huo)大(da)型(xing)浮(fu)雕(diao)局部(bu)加(jia)工(gong)可以采(cai)取(qu)氧氣加(jia)乙炔產生的(de)高溫加(jia)熱(re),大(da)型(xing)作品就需要(yao)生爐火鼓風(feng)加(jia)熱(re)。加(jia)熱(re)這一環節相對(dui)容易。加(jia)熱(re)后的(de)銅板要(yao)用皮(pi)錘敲打平整。