銅壁畫又叫銅(tong)(tong)浮(fu)雕(又叫鏨銅(tong)(tong)或敲(qiao)銅(tong)(tong)),是利(li)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)材料的(de)(de)延展性興起(qi)來得鏨刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi),是我(wo)國傳統(tong)手工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)百花中的(de)(de)一(yi)枝奇葩(pa)。之(zhi)中技術據今已有幾千(qian)年的(de)(de)歷史。 鍛銅(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品的(de)(de)造型,主要為平(ping)面(mian)的(de)(de)片(pian)活(huo),片(pian)活(huo)是平(ping)裝在(zai)某些器(qi)物上(shang)或懸(xuan)掛起(qi)來供人欣賞。鏨刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)操作,是在(zai)設(she)計好器(qi)行或圖(tu)案(an)后,按照一(yi)定的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)程(cheng),以特(te)制(zhi)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具和特(te)定的(de)(de)技法,在(zai)金屬板上(shang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)出千(qian)變萬化的(de)(de)浮(fu)雕狀(zhuang)圖(tu)案(an)。完成一(yi)件精美的(de)(de)鏨刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品需要十多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)程(cheng),加上(shang)技術工(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)格調創造,匠(jiang)心獨運地打造出個性化,現代化的(de)(de)雕塑作品。
鍛銅(tong)(tong)是一種區別(bie)于鑄銅(tong)(tong)的(de)工藝(yi),是在(zai)銅(tong)(tong)板(ban)上進行創作,利用銅(tong)(tong)板(ban)加(jia)熱后質地變軟,錘打后又恢復堅(jian)硬的(de)特性,重復這一過程,最終制作出(chu)藝(yi)術作品(pin)或其它生(sheng)活(huo)、工業用品(pin)。隨著人民生(sheng)活(huo)水平和審(shen)美情趣(qu)的(de)提(ti)升,鍛銅(tong)(tong)這一傳(chuan)統工藝(yi)尤其在(zai)工藝(yi)美術領域受到(dao)越來越多設計師和大眾的(de)喜愛。
火、錘(chui)子(zi)和鏨子(zi)是鍛(duan)銅的三(san)個(ge)重(zhong)要元素。小(xiao)型(xing)鍛(duan)銅工藝作品(pin)或大型(xing)浮(fu)雕(diao)局部(bu)加(jia)(jia)工可以采取氧氣加(jia)(jia)乙炔產生的高溫加(jia)(jia)熱,大型(xing)作品(pin)就需要生爐火鼓風加(jia)(jia)熱。加(jia)(jia)熱這一環節相對容(rong)易(yi)。加(jia)(jia)熱后的銅板要用皮錘(chui)敲(qiao)打(da)平整。