福建佛像雕塑,雕(diao)刻藝術種類的其中(zhong)一種,也是流傳時間最長的一種。最早期的佛(fo)像雕(diao)塑多見于石雕(diao)石刻,后來(lai)銅佛(fo)像雕(diao)塑開(kai)始出現,銅佛(fo)像大多形體較小(xiao)而精致(zhi),便(bian)以攜帶供(gong)奉于佛(fo)寺和信眾家(jia)中(zhong)佛(fo)龕,或納藏于佛(fo)塔(ta)地宮之(zhi)中(zhong),從古(gu)流傳至今,有很高(gao)的收(shou)藏價(jia)值。下面跟著大興(xing)景(jing)觀來(lai)了解下福(fu)建佛(fo)像雕(diao)塑所(suo)用(yong)的工具:
工具是(shi)雕(diao)刻家從事創作的(de)最直接的(de)助手和(he)伴侶(lv)。雕(diao)塑的(de)基本工具有:
雕塑刀(dao)
為(wei)(wei)(wei)泥塑(su)工(gong)具,用于刮(gua)、削、貼(tie)、挑、壓(ya)、抹泥塑(su)和(he)造型 。又分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3種 :第(di)一種為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)屬工(gong)具,由鋼( 發(fa)藍防(fang)銹(xiu) )、不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼、黃銅等(deng)制成,刀(dao)頭分(fen)斜三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柳葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卯葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)箭鏃形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有的邊(bian)緣為(wei)(wei)(wei)鋸齒(chi)狀(zhuang)。第(di)二(er)種為(wei)(wei)(wei)非金(jin)屬工(gong)具,由竹、木 、骨 、象(xiang)牙 、牛角(jiao)、塑(su)料(liao)等(deng)材料(liao)制成。大型的刀(dao)具形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)有鞋底形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、墨魚骨形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拇(mu)指形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 、斜三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng) ;小(xiao)型刀(dao)具形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)有菱角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 、小(xiao)腳形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、條形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)。第(di)三種為(wei)(wei)(wei)刮(gua)刀(dao),可切削造型和(he)做(zuo)衣紋,有各種圓弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雙面(mian)刮(gua)刀(dao)等(deng)。