福建佛像雕塑,雕刻(ke)(ke)藝(yi)術(shu)種類的其中一種,也是流(liu)傳時間最長的一種。最早期的佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)雕塑(su)多見于(yu)石雕石刻(ke)(ke),后來(lai)銅佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)雕塑(su)開始出(chu)現,銅佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)大多形體較小而精致,便(bian)以(yi)攜(xie)帶供奉(feng)于(yu)佛(fo)寺和信眾家中佛(fo)龕,或納(na)藏于(yu)佛(fo)塔地宮之中,從(cong)古流(liu)傳至(zhi)今,有很(hen)高的收(shou)藏價值。下面跟(gen)著大興景(jing)觀來(lai)了解(jie)下福建佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)雕塑(su)所(suo)用的工具(ju):
工(gong)具是雕刻家(jia)從事創作的(de)最直接的(de)助手和伴侶。雕塑的(de)基本工(gong)具有:
雕塑刀
為(wei)泥塑(su)工具(ju),用于刮、削、貼、挑(tiao)、壓、抹(mo)泥塑(su)和造型(xing) 。又分為(wei)3種(zhong) :第(di)(di)一種(zhong)為(wei)金屬工具(ju),由鋼(gang)( 發(fa)藍防銹(xiu) )、不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)、黃(huang)銅等(deng)(deng)制成,刀(dao)(dao)頭分斜三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柳葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卯葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和箭鏃(zu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)的邊(bian)緣為(wei)鋸(ju)齒狀(zhuang)。第(di)(di)二種(zhong)為(wei)非金屬工具(ju),由竹、木 、骨 、象(xiang)牙 、牛(niu)角(jiao)、塑(su)料(liao)等(deng)(deng)材料(liao)制成。大型(xing)的刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)有(you)(you)鞋(xie)底形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、墨魚骨形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拇(mu)指形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 、斜三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng) ;小(xiao)型(xing)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)有(you)(you)菱角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 、小(xiao)腳形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、條形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)。第(di)(di)三種(zhong)為(wei)刮刀(dao)(dao),可切削造型(xing)和做衣紋,有(you)(you)各種(zhong)圓弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和方形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雙面刮刀(dao)(dao)等(deng)(deng)。