福建佛像雕塑,雕刻藝術(shu)種類(lei)的其中一種,也是流傳時間(jian)最(zui)(zui)長的一種。最(zui)(zui)早期的佛(fo)像(xiang)雕塑多見于(yu)石雕石刻,后(hou)來(lai)銅佛(fo)像(xiang)雕塑開始(shi)出現,銅佛(fo)像(xiang)大多形體較(jiao)小而(er)精致(zhi),便以攜帶供奉(feng)于(yu)佛(fo)寺(si)和信眾(zhong)家中佛(fo)龕,或納藏于(yu)佛(fo)塔地宮之中,從古流傳至(zhi)今,有很高的收藏價值。下(xia)面跟著(zhu)大興景觀來(lai)了解下(xia)福建(jian)佛(fo)像(xiang)雕塑所(suo)用(yong)的工具:
工具(ju)是雕(diao)刻家從事創作的最直接的助手(shou)和(he)伴侶(lv)。雕(diao)塑的基(ji)本工具(ju)有:
雕塑刀(dao)
為(wei)泥(ni)(ni)塑(su)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju),用(yong)于刮(gua)、削、貼(tie)、挑、壓、抹泥(ni)(ni)塑(su)和(he)(he)造型(xing) 。又分(fen)為(wei)3種 :第(di)一種為(wei)金屬工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju),由鋼(gang)( 發藍防銹 )、不(bu)銹鋼(gang)、黃銅等(deng)制成,刀(dao)頭分(fen)斜三(san)(san)角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柳葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卯葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)箭鏃形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有的(de)邊緣為(wei)鋸(ju)齒狀(zhuang)。第(di)二(er)種為(wei)非(fei)金屬工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju),由竹、木 、骨 、象牙 、牛角(jiao)(jiao)、塑(su)料(liao)等(deng)材料(liao)制成。大型(xing)的(de)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)有鞋(xie)底(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、墨魚骨形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拇(mu)指形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 、斜三(san)(san)角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng) ;小型(xing)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)有菱角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 、小腳形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、條形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)。第(di)三(san)(san)種為(wei)刮(gua)刀(dao),可(ke)切削造型(xing)和(he)(he)做(zuo)衣(yi)紋,有各種圓弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雙(shuang)面刮(gua)刀(dao)等(deng)。