福建佛像雕塑,雕(diao)刻藝術種(zhong)類的(de)其中(zhong)一種(zhong),也是流傳(chuan)(chuan)時間最(zui)長的(de)一種(zhong)。最(zui)早期的(de)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)雕(diao)塑(su)多(duo)見于(yu)石雕(diao)石刻,后來銅(tong)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)雕(diao)塑(su)開始出現,銅(tong)佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)大多(duo)形體(ti)較小而精致,便以攜(xie)帶供奉于(yu)佛(fo)寺和信眾家中(zhong)佛(fo)龕,或納藏(zang)于(yu)佛(fo)塔地宮(gong)之(zhi)中(zhong),從古流傳(chuan)(chuan)至今(jin),有很高的(de)收(shou)藏(zang)價值。下(xia)面(mian)跟著(zhu)大興(xing)景觀來了解下(xia)福建佛(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)雕(diao)塑(su)所用的(de)工具:
工具是雕(diao)(diao)刻家從事創作的(de)最直接的(de)助手和(he)伴侶(lv)。雕(diao)(diao)塑的(de)基本工具有:
雕塑刀
為(wei)泥(ni)塑(su)工具(ju),用于刮(gua)(gua)、削、貼、挑、壓(ya)、抹(mo)泥(ni)塑(su)和(he)(he)造型 。又分為(wei)3種(zhong)(zhong) :第一種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)金(jin)屬(shu)工具(ju),由鋼( 發藍防銹(xiu) )、不銹(xiu)鋼、黃銅等(deng)(deng)制(zhi)成,刀(dao)(dao)(dao)頭分斜(xie)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柳葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卯葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)箭鏃形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有的邊緣為(wei)鋸齒(chi)狀。第二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)非(fei)金(jin)屬(shu)工具(ju),由竹(zhu)、木 、骨(gu)(gu) 、象牙 、牛(niu)角(jiao)、塑(su)料等(deng)(deng)材料制(zhi)成。大(da)型的刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀有鞋底形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、墨魚骨(gu)(gu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拇指形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 、斜(xie)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng) ;小(xiao)型刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀有菱角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 、小(xiao)腳(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)。第三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)刮(gua)(gua)刀(dao)(dao)(dao),可切削造型和(he)(he)做衣紋(wen),有各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)圓(yuan)弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雙面刮(gua)(gua)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)等(deng)(deng)。