福建佛像雕塑,雕(diao)(diao)刻藝術種類的(de)(de)(de)其中(zhong)一(yi)種,也是流傳(chuan)時間最長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種。最早期的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)雕(diao)(diao)塑多見于石雕(diao)(diao)石刻,后來銅佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)雕(diao)(diao)塑開(kai)始出現(xian),銅佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)大多形體(ti)較小而精致,便以(yi)攜帶供奉于佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺和信(xin)眾(zhong)家中(zhong)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕,或納(na)藏于佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔地(di)宮之(zhi)中(zhong),從古流傳(chuan)至今,有(you)很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)收藏價值。下面(mian)跟著(zhu)大興景觀(guan)來了(le)解(jie)下福建佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)雕(diao)(diao)塑所用的(de)(de)(de)工具:
工(gong)具(ju)是(shi)雕刻家從事創作的(de)最直接的(de)助手和(he)伴侶。雕塑的(de)基本工(gong)具(ju)有:
雕(diao)塑刀
為(wei)(wei)(wei)泥(ni)(ni)塑工(gong)(gong)具,用于刮、削、貼、挑、壓、抹泥(ni)(ni)塑和(he)造型(xing) 。又分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3種 :第(di)一(yi)種為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)屬工(gong)(gong)具,由鋼( 發藍防銹 )、不銹鋼、黃銅等(deng)制(zhi)成(cheng),刀(dao)頭(tou)分(fen)斜三角形(xing)(xing)(xing)、柳(liu)葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)、卯葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)箭鏃形(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)的邊緣為(wei)(wei)(wei)鋸齒狀(zhuang)。第(di)二種為(wei)(wei)(wei)非金(jin)屬工(gong)(gong)具,由竹、木 、骨 、象牙 、牛角、塑料(liao)等(deng)材(cai)料(liao)制(zhi)成(cheng)。大(da)型(xing)的刀(dao)具形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)有(you)(you)鞋底形(xing)(xing)(xing)、墨魚(yu)骨形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拇指形(xing)(xing)(xing) 、斜三角形(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng) ;小型(xing)刀(dao)具形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)有(you)(you)菱角形(xing)(xing)(xing) 、小腳形(xing)(xing)(xing)、球形(xing)(xing)(xing)、條形(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)。第(di)三種為(wei)(wei)(wei)刮刀(dao),可切削造型(xing)和(he)做衣紋(wen),有(you)(you)各種圓弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)雙面刮刀(dao)等(deng)。