銅壁畫又叫銅(tong)浮雕(又叫鏨(zan)銅(tong)或敲銅(tong)),是利用銅(tong)材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)延(yan)展(zhan)性(xing)興(xing)起來(lai)得鏨(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi),是我國(guo)傳統手工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)百花中的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)枝奇葩(pa)。之中技(ji)術(shu)據今已有(you)幾千(qian)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史。 鍛銅(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)造型(xing),主要(yao)為平面的(de)(de)(de)(de)片活,片活是平裝在某些器物上(shang)或懸(xuan)掛起來(lai)供(gong)人欣(xin)賞。鏨(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo),是在設(she)計好器行或圖(tu)案后,按照一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng),以特(te)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)和(he)特(te)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)法,在金屬板上(shang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)出千(qian)變萬化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)浮雕狀圖(tu)案。完成一(yi)件精美的(de)(de)(de)(de)鏨(zan)刻(ke)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品需要(yao)十多(duo)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程(cheng),加上(shang)技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)格調(diao)創造,匠心獨運(yun)地打造出個性(xing)化(hua)(hua),現代化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雕塑作(zuo)品。
鍛(duan)(duan)銅(tong)(tong)是一種區別于(yu)鑄銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi),是在銅(tong)(tong)板(ban)上進行(xing)創作,利用銅(tong)(tong)板(ban)加熱后(hou)(hou)質地變(bian)軟,錘(chui)打后(hou)(hou)又恢復堅硬的(de)(de)特性,重復這一過程,最終制作出藝(yi)術(shu)作品(pin)或其它生活(huo)、工(gong)業(ye)用品(pin)。隨著人(ren)民生活(huo)水平和審美情趣的(de)(de)提升,鍛(duan)(duan)銅(tong)(tong)這一傳統工(gong)藝(yi)尤其在工(gong)藝(yi)美術(shu)領域(yu)受到越來越多設計師和大(da)眾的(de)(de)喜愛。
火、錘子(zi)和鏨(zan)子(zi)是(shi)鍛銅的(de)三個(ge)重(zhong)要元(yuan)素(su)。小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)鍛銅工藝作(zuo)品(pin)或大型(xing)(xing)浮雕局部加(jia)(jia)工可(ke)以采取氧(yang)氣加(jia)(jia)乙(yi)炔產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)高(gao)溫加(jia)(jia)熱,大型(xing)(xing)作(zuo)品(pin)就需要生(sheng)爐火鼓風加(jia)(jia)熱。加(jia)(jia)熱這(zhe)一(yi)環節相(xiang)對(dui)容易。加(jia)(jia)熱后的(de)銅板(ban)要用皮錘敲打平整。