福建佛像雕塑,雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)藝術種(zhong)類的(de)其中(zhong)一(yi)種(zhong),也(ye)是流(liu)(liu)傳(chuan)時(shi)間(jian)最(zui)長(chang)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)。最(zui)早(zao)期的(de)佛(fo)(fo)像雕(diao)(diao)塑多見于石雕(diao)(diao)石刻(ke)(ke),后來銅佛(fo)(fo)像雕(diao)(diao)塑開始出現,銅佛(fo)(fo)像大(da)多形體較小而(er)精致,便以攜帶供奉于佛(fo)(fo)寺和信眾家中(zhong)佛(fo)(fo)龕,或納藏于佛(fo)(fo)塔地宮之中(zhong),從古流(liu)(liu)傳(chuan)至今,有很高的(de)收藏價值。下面跟著(zhu)大(da)興景觀(guan)來了解下福建佛(fo)(fo)像雕(diao)(diao)塑所(suo)用的(de)工具(ju):
工(gong)具(ju)是雕刻(ke)家從事創作的最直接的助手和(he)伴侶。雕塑的基本工(gong)具(ju)有(you):
雕塑刀
為(wei)泥(ni)塑工具(ju),用于刮(gua)、削、貼、挑、壓、抹泥(ni)塑和造(zao)型 。又分為(wei)3種(zhong) :第一種(zhong)為(wei)金屬工具(ju),由(you)鋼( 發藍防(fang)銹(xiu) )、不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼、黃銅等(deng)制(zhi)成(cheng),刀(dao)頭(tou)分斜三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、柳葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卯葉形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和箭鏃形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有的邊緣(yuan)為(wei)鋸齒狀(zhuang)。第二種(zhong)為(wei)非金屬工具(ju),由(you)竹、木(mu) 、骨(gu) 、象牙(ya) 、牛角(jiao)、塑料(liao)等(deng)材料(liao)制(zhi)成(cheng)。大型的刀(dao)具(ju)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)有鞋底形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、墨魚骨(gu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拇指形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 、斜三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng) ;小型刀(dao)具(ju)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)有菱(ling)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 、小腳形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、條(tiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)。第三(san)種(zhong)為(wei)刮(gua)刀(dao),可切削造(zao)型和做衣(yi)紋,有各種(zhong)圓弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和方形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雙面刮(gua)刀(dao)等(deng)。